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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - INVADE (Smart system of renewable energy storage based on INtegrated EVs and bAtteries to empower mobile, Distributed and centralised Energy storage in the distribution grid)

Teaser

Summary

The world agrees that something needs to be done about global warming and climate change. The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) adopted the first universal, legally binding global climate agreement in order to avoid dangerous climate change. The Paris agreement recognised the importance of averting, minimising and addressing losses and damages associated with the adverse effects of climate change. In 2014, the European Commission presented a Framework for climate change and energy policies for the period of 2020 to 2030 where ambitious targets envisaged a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and an increased share of renewable energy.
The introduction and integration of variable renewables and distributed energy generation into the power grid has occurred rapidly over the last decade and will continue to increase in the future. According to Global Smart Grid Federation, however, a higher share of renewables requires a greater ability to maintain balance between power generation and demand on the grid, even in the face of diminishing dispatchable resources. An increasing number of new, small-scale players, such as prosumers and batteries, must be integrated into a system that is turning out to be much more complex as a result of the intermittent behaviour of the renewable resources. Flexible management of energy demand and storage in the distribution grid can greatly increase grid reliability. A combination of renewables and demand flexibility using batteries will become cost-competitive over the next few years as detailed by the International Renewable Energy Agency. The cost-competitive schemes will be supported by ICT technologies in areas such as optimisation and creation of intelligent demand response through integrated ICT components.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as an integral part of the transport sector and present a secondary market for energy storage and flexibility in the distribution grid.
The overall objective of the INVADE project is to deliver a Cloud-based flexibility management system integrated with EVs and batteries empowering energy storage at mobile, distributed and centralised levels to increase the share of renewables in the smart grid.

Work performed

The overall objective is to be reached by the following achiements:
The flexibility management algorithm is developed and tested in the integrated INVADE platform. The algorithm minimise prosumer cost by optimally using batteries together with the prosumer services including ToU optimisation, kWmax control and self-balancing. A combination of rolling and receding horizon approach has been adopted allowing to update input parameters and to react to variation from the nominal or expected conditions.
A generic battery model including simplified efficiency characteristics and a generic battery lifetime model including degradation stress factors were developed based on the information from manufacturers and literature. A rainflow counting algorithm was adopted to account for the factorisation of an arbitrary duty cycle into full cycles at different cycle depths. All this formed the basis for a computationally efficient model calculating the marginal cost of degradation in the flexibility management algorithm. With these models, the expected lifetime of a battery in a specified application can be predicted, and the use of batteries is controlled and optimized in a way that high efficiency and extended lifetime can be achieved in normal use conditions.
The first version of the Integrated INVADE platform was tested and delivered. On an overall level, the platform consists of a set of main processes, and the processes and the links between them constitutes the platform. An API, to be used by pilots, has also been implemented, to to receive the asset and time series information, which is necessary for the Flexibility Operator to operate the pilot sites.
All distributed energy resources(DER`s) are being connected, measured and controlled by the INVADE platform. All integrations are based on standard products and open protocols, to avoid customizations that could occur hindrances for future upgrading and new integrations. Its high importunateness to accommodate easy integrations with other systems, and to be ready for â€œscaling upâ€ without any â€œredesignâ€ or manually processes. From M18 the platform have started to receive signals from the pilots.
Digitalisation sparks rapid changes in business modelling globally, e.g. the platform/ecosystem based business models and the energy business. The business modelling was speeded up in order for the pilots to gain significant impact. A State of the art review was followed by relevant regulatory input on charging and storage from the 5 pilot countries. An analysis on user behaviour and technology domestication was also generated.
The project has managed to engage a number of stakeholders constituting the basis for strategic business development from the projectâ€™ results. Pertinent stakeholder types have been identified and enterprises and organizations representing these are invited to cooperate with the project through.
- The organisation of an Exploitation User Group, being proactive in shaping the INVADE ideas and helping to open doors.
- The organisation of events engaging targeted stakeholders combining knowledge harvest with dissemination.
- The development of novel business cases for the pilots, enabling commercial impact and upscale possibilities that can boost earnings and reduce risk.
- The seek of external stakeholders willing to pioneer the use of INVADE.

Final results

The exploitation effort caters for the projectâ€™s social and business impact implies:
- Ensure an organic relationship between INVADE and the wider stakeholder community
- Increase awareness activities and results generated by INVADE
- Ensure optimum strategic positioning of INVADE within the wider domain it addresses
- To ensure that the INVADE initiative will have relevance to a broad range of stakeholders
- To prepare a solid business and exploitation plan and to discuss it with the stakeholders in order to have a relevant market product and ensure a firm deployment potential
The impact pursued has been directed toward policy makers, end-users and end-user communities, standardisation bodies, public sector and industry representatives. It has been important to solicit stakeholders that represent potential alliances which can enable cross-fertilisation between INVADE activities and others both in the beginning of the project as well as in preparing for exploitation of results and impact generation. It is also important to identify stakeholders that represent current barriers that must be mitigated or removed.
The pursued impacts though the smart grid domain is evolving as we work. Developments in battery and storage technologies changes the way regulators, end-users and DSOs now think compared to a few years ago. The current changes in the certificate market creates new opportunities. New knowledge developed in the project and beyond creates new possibilities for self-consumption of locally generated energy. We lay the foundations for a whole new set of business models and technologies that can connect disparate enterprises and communities in diverse fields across Europe and leverage their ventures in the renewable, EV, energy or other energy demanding businesses. Especially related to EV roaming and e-mobility the concept developed might become very influential.