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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - EuroCirCol (European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study)

Teaser

Summary

The goal of the EuroCirCol (European Circular Collider) study is to develop a concept for a post-LHC proton-proton collider. Its target energy, 100 trillion electronvolts (TeV), is almost eight times higher than the energy of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It would be located in a 100-km long tunnel and use CERNâ€™s accelerator complex as injector chain. Designing, building and operating such a machine poses challenges that can only be addressed in a coordinated international effort. The EuroCirCol consortium forms the core of a global collaboration, leveraging the competencies of distinguished world experts in numerous domains. The international Future Circular Collider study (FCC) forms the umbrella for EuroCirCol. Today it federates 99 institutes world-wide, ensuring that the global scientific community develops a common vision and strategy to prepare the future of elementary particle physics.
EuroCirCol addresses three key topics: the design of a feasible particle collider beam optics, the design of an entirely new high-field magnet to steer the energetic beams along the 100-km racetrack and the development of an ultra-high vacuum system that permits the beams to circulate freely in the void without impacting the capability of magnet coils to work at zero electrical resistance.Â
EuroCirCol promotes interdisciplinary and intersectoral, collaborative research to advance technology far beyond the state of the art. Working groups beyond the initial consortium spawn focused R&D projects to prove the feasibility of the technologies and to identify energy and cost-effective paths to make the vision become real.
EuroCircol doubles todayâ€™s superconducting magnet field reach. Success relies on superconducting materials that can transport much higher current densities than today. Researchers team up with industrial partners to identify pathways that lead to production processes for new wires.
Synchrotron radiation in form of electrons hit the inner walls of the vacuum tube in which the particles travel, heating it up. This affects the capability of the magnets to operate at cryogenic temperatures required to work without electrical resistance. Another obstacle to the beams whizzing at nearly the speed of light are clouds of electrons that are formed by rogue particles knocking out electrons from the surface of the beam pipe wall. An effective system is needed to mitigate those effects. EuroCirCol conceives a new geometry and surface treatment. Developments in these technology fields have direct applications outside particle physics, ranging from chemical and biological analysis, over medical imaging to energy efficient metal processing, environmental friendly electricity generators and electric propulsion systems.
The diverse R&D programme with its rich training value will lead to greater European competitiveness. This project fosters creativity and collaboration, the key ingredients for innovation. It also triggers the contribution of additional matching resources: cost benefit analysis of cutting-edge technology advancements, alumni career development analysis and technology competence leveraging are just some of the activities that take place.
Successful world-class research infrastructures are built on a foundation of advanced technology and international collaboration. EuroCirCol fosters greater co-ordination on a global scale and develops an appropriate governance model for the preparatory phase of a future circular collider project.
Given the long lead times for development and construction, it is more than timely to start this effort now. A circular proton-proton collider is the only sustainable way to expand the present energy frontier within the 21st century. Developing such a visionary strategy by involving the world science community, this project strengthens Europe as a focal point of global research cooperation and as leader in the frontier of knowledge and technologies over the next decades.

Work performed

Science and technology achievements:
- Successful development of particle collider lattice baseline.
- Successful establishment of 3 superconducting manget design concepts.
- Successful development of a novel beam screen concept and construction of a prototype.

Strategic achievements:
- Confirmation of the project as the foundation for additional collaborative technology R&D projects at international scale.
- Creation of an awareness for long-term partnerships with industry and formulation of initial common R&D projects.
- Establishment of a sustainable vision for a large-scale Research Infrastructure under European leadership building on existing assets.
- Successful engagement of new countries in the research activities beyond the existing consortium and original scope.
- Formation of an ever-growing user community of scientists to explore and document the physics opportunities for such a Research Infrastructure.

Final results

The study found a workable layout and beam optics for a 100 TeV centre of mass particle collider.
For the magnets, three workable device configurations with mechanical and electromagnetic simulations that confirm the technical feasibility have been shown.
Studies on conductor samples provided by industry partners revealed at least one viable pathway to double the critical current of the wire. This discovery has triggered a focused R&D activity with companies in Germany, Russia, Korea and Japan to advance the conductor performances. These activities are additional matching resources.
For the beam screen an entirely new geometry that successfully diverts the photo-electrons away from the beam screen wall to a second absorber cavity has been conceived. This approach effectively keeps the heat load generated by synchrotron radiation within manageable limits.
Significant advancements have been achieved by additional research carried out by STFC on a new technology called Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS). It has been identified as one effective method to fight the formation of electron clouds in the beam vacuum system.
EuroCirCol has created significant momentum at international scale. 99 institutes from all over the world have joined the Future Circular Collider study that acts as umbrella for this project. The growing interest by academia and industry is evidence for a converging vision for a post-LHC Research Infrastructure and the development of a coordinated strategy to work towards this objective in a collaborative fashion.
A study on the socio-economic impact potentials has been launched with University of Milano, Italy (additional matching resources).
The results on the superconducting magnet and conductor surveys have led to the identification of wider impact potentials: they could be used to develop more compact and precise nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Further potentials exist for large-scale industrial induction heaters for metal processing, semiconductor crystal growth systems for electricity generators and energy efficient/environmental friendly electric marine engines.
The progress on laser engineered surface treatment technology can help improving the performance and availability of the LHC and the HL-LHC upgrade. The approach may be introduced in the designs of 4th and 5th generation light-sources to improve their performance, relax refrigeration requirements and thus lead to more sustainable operation costs.