STALLION

Safety Testing Approaches for Large Lithium-Ion battery systems

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 Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)

'The STALLION project develops and validates a safety framework for large stationary Lithium Ion batteries in all stages of their life cycle (commissioning, transport, installation, operation, maintenance, repair, decommissioning, recycling). It offers a unique approach by relating safety issues to root causes at all levels of the system (material, cell, module, pack, system). This two-axis safety assessment approach - all stages of the life cycle and all levels of the system - is experience-based through the involvement of partners active at all levels of the system and an advisory board consisting of organizations with experience in the application. This guarantees a thorough covering of all relevant cross-cutting issues. The project will also establish the state of the art in the relevant technological areas like materials, cell architecture and detection methods. Based on this benchmark that will be available in the market of large stationary battery systems in coming years, mitigation measures will be defined to deal with the identified risks and bring the system within the previously defined safe boundaries.

All measures developed will be validated empirically. Laboratory tests on both safety and performance will be executed on materials and cells. Through our partners and Advisory Board, several large, commissioned grid-connected batteries are available for analysis at the system level. The gap between the cell level and the system level is covered by modeling the safety and thermal behavior. Results will lead to a handbook on comprehensive and generic safety measures for large grid connected batteries. Through the standardization organizations in our AB, this handbook will be proposed to the relevant standardization bodies and it will be actively distributed to industry. STALLION will contribute to the standardization framework for large-scale Li-ion battery testing and to a faster and safer deployment of Li-ion Batteries for grid application.'

Introduzione (Teaser)

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have revolutionised portable consumer electronics from cameras to cell phones to laptops. Validated safety testing of larger, higher-energy installations will pave the way to large-scale stationary applications as well.

Descrizione progetto (Article)

Stationary applications related to smart grids and storage of excess energy from renewable energy devices for later use on demand could enhance energy reliability and stability and help reduce emissions. However, as their size and energy content increase, Li-ion batteries must meet the safety challenge.

The EU-funded project 'Safety testing approaches for large lithium-ion battery systems' (http://www.stallion-project.eu/ (STALLION)) will address all stages of a battery's life cycle from commissioning through to recycling. The results will be published in a handbook, contributing to standardisation and rapid, safe deployment.

Scientists have conducted a thorough risk assessment at all system levels and all life-cycle stages using the well-known Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) method. Several improvements to the methodology to enhance completeness and objectivity have been made. The application of this improved methodology led to the identification of thermal runaway, a detrimental positive feedback loop that continuously increases temperature, as the most important risk.

The team conducted a review of the current state of the art in sensors that could provide important information about thermal runaway as well as battery materials that minimise its occurrence. Scientists identified a strain gauge and acoustic sensor capable of providing information related to charging and discharging implicated in thermal runaway. Materials have the largest influence on safety. A methodology was developed to weigh the safety characteristics of the materials with the performance characteristics to selecte the optimal material for each application.

In collaboration with the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) project STABILID, scientists identified test procedures to cover risks for which no adequate test procedures currently exist. The team work should facilitate standardisation. A validation plan has been identified to assess the performance of the test procedures, after which a proposal will be submitted to the relevant International Electrochemical Commission standards committee.

Renewable energy plays an important role in a transition to a carbon-neutral society. Grid-connected storage can help alleviate intermittent and variable distribution and line losses. STALLION is making an important contribution towards getting the public on board through a validated safety framework and new standards for testing safety risks.