ORAMED

Optimization of Radiation Protection of Medical Staff

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 Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)

'The state-of-the-art analysis performed in the FP6 CONRAD project highlighted high extremity doses and a lack of systematic data analysis on exposures to the staff in interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM). To optimize the working procedures in the medical field with respect to radiation protection, a project focussed on improving the knowledge on extremity and eye lens exposures is proposed, combined with an optimization in the use of active personal dosemeters. The first objective is to obtain extensive extremity dose data for staff in IR, with special attention to eye lens doses and the analysis of the radiation protection measures. At the present time there is no suitable dosimeter for eye lens dosimetry. Hp(3) is mentioned as the operational quantity to control the dose limits, but there are no conversion coefficients nor a calibration procedure available. The second objective of the project is to develop a formalism to measure eye lens doses and to design a prototype eye lens dosemeter. IR staff belongs to a specific working group which could benefit from a real time accurate dose assessment. Therefore, the third objective is to study the behaviour of commercial active personal dosemeters under real conditions and to design a prototype that could solve the present problems. In NM the doses to the different parts of the hands will be systematically mapped, with special attention to unsealed therapy sources, aiming to estimate the real dose load of NM workers and to describe appropriate protection measures. The different objectives of this project will be achieved through well coordinated measurement campaigns in European hospitals. Simulations will be performed to determine the main parameters that influence the extremity and eye lens doses and the effectiveness of different radiation protection measures. The final objective is to develop a program to disseminate all conclusions and recommendations to the interested parties.'

Introduzione (Teaser)

Lead shields do not cover the hands and eyes of radiology health care workers. EU funded researchers carried out a thorough investigation of radiation exposure in European hospitals leading to novel devices and safety recommendations.

Descrizione progetto (Article)

Radiological imaging employed by interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM) enables doctors to conduct minimally invasive procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that used to require complex operations. The Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) project CONRAD ('A coordinated network for radiation dosimetry') demonstrated that high doses were delivered to extremities not covered with radiation protection. Also, there was a lack of systematic analysis of staff radiation exposure in the fields of IR and NM. In response, the EU funded project 'Optimization of radiation protection of medical staff' (ORAMED) evaluated eye lens exposure in IR and hand exposure in NM, as well as the functioning of available active personal dosimeters (APDs).

Most currently available APDs for the eye lens are ineffective in detecting low energy fields and none are designed to detect pulsed radiation. ORAMED carried out an organised measurement campaign of both IR and NM radiation exposure in hospitals throughout Europe. Analysis of subject data was complemented by computer simulations to identify the most important factors affecting radiation doses to the eye lens and extremities.

Researchers investigated the actual dose loads of health care workers and factors that influenced radiation exposure. A novel personal dosimeter for eye lens radiation monitoring during IR was developed and is now commercially available. A detailed analysis of hand exposure during NM interventions facilitated the development of practical guidelines and recommendations for implementation of routine monitoring. In addition, quantitative testing of existing APDs under real clinical conditions (e.g. pulsed fields) for the first time enabled the development of informed guidelines for their use.

ORAMED outcomes have made an important contribution to enhancing the safety of medical staff performing procedures in IR and NM. Through better assessment of exposure of extremities and the main causative factors, scientists developed advanced personal dosimetry devices for the eye lens and made recommendations for safe practices in the case of NM. ORAMED thus filled an important gap in radiation protection with knowledge that should improve the protection of health care workers.