CITYZEN

megaCITY - Zoom for the ENvironment

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 Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)

'We will determine the air pollution distribution and change in and around hotspots over the last decade from extensive satellite and in-situ observations and we will employ a series of different scale models in order to analyze the impacts of air pollution hot spots on regional and global air quality including potential future changes for various climate scenarios. Focus is on ozone and particulate matter with chemical and physical characterization, and their precursors. The Eastern Mediterranean (Istanbul, Athens, Cairo), the Po Valley, the BeNeLux region, the Pearl River Delta in China (with megacities Guangzhou and Hong Kong) and the hot and polluted European summer 2003 are chosen for intensive case studies. The consortium includes groups from China, Turkey, Greece and Italy, in addition to France, Germany, UK and Norway, with experts on the observations, emission data and models. A set of chemical transport models which connect all the most important spatial and temporal scales will be developed and used to quantify how the observed air pollution arises. The models and emission inventories will be evaluated, errors identified and improved on the urban, regional and global spatial scales. Climate change may cause changes in air pollution in and around hotspots, and hotspot pollution can change precipitation and temperature/albedo. These feedbacks will be studied in scale-bridging model systems based on global climate model scenarios, and in a coupled high resolution chemistry-climate model. The model systems evaluated in the project will be applied to analyse mitigation options in and around hotpots, also taking into account climate change. Best available technologies and sectoral changes will be studied. Several partners have key roles in the technical underpinning of policy. They will ensure that the improved emission inventories, scale-bridging model systems and the systematic observational evidence will have a significant, broad and lasting impact.'

Introduzione (Teaser)

The worldwide trend towards urbanisation has led to a growing number of megacities springing up of 10 million inhabitants or more. These have brought about new environmental problems that impact on local and regional surroundings, which are being investigated by an ongoing project.

Descrizione progetto (Article)

Megacities are a hotspot for higher greenhouse gas emissions that can have a devastating impact on the wider environment. An ongoing study called Cityzen is looking into the effect that air pollution has on the local, regional and global environment using satellite and on-site observations. Sixteen partners in eleven countries in Europe, Africa and Asia are involved in the project, which is headed by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute.

Several sites around the world have already been chosen as places to carry out intensive case studies: the East Mediterranean, the Po Valley (Italy), the Benelux region and the Pearl River Delta (China). The project is also looking at the effects of climate change on air quality within megacities.

The study has several linked objectives which aim to act as a scientific basis for air quality legislation and city planning in the future. By understanding air pollution around megacities, the partners hope to estimate the future impact of changes in emissions in relation to increasing urban populations.

The project hopes to gain a better understanding of how megacities influence and are responding to climate change. By analysing the options available to them, the partners hope to diminish the effects of urban air pollution on human health. The partners want to harness the results and methodologies applied during the course of the project and put them into operational use.

Furthermore, by assessing the results of the project the partners want to make suggestions to policy-makers on which mitigation options exist to reduce environmental problems associated with megacities.

The project has already made a number of observations based on global satellite pictures of air pollutants. On-site measurements in the Pearl River Delta, London and Athens are ongoing with a new measurement network being set up in Turkey.

The modelling of the impact megacities have on air pollution has already highlighted hotspots in the East east Mediterranean around Istanbul, Athens and Cairo, as well as the Pearl River Delta in China.

The project has been successfully communicated to the wider public through a number of different platforms, including the project's own website, newspaper articles, conference lectures, various publications and an assessment of megacities being drawn up by the World Meteorological Organisation and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project.