HIDSOM

High density energy storage materials

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 Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)

'There is an urgent need to develop high density energy storage materials for application in electric vehicles and power conditioning systems. These will enable us to extend the usage of renewable energies. None of the existing storage media completely meets the current requirements. In this project new capacitive storage materials will be designed and fabricated, composed of high permittivity ceramic powders with small amounts of polymers, with structure and properties integrated to ensure high energy density, plus with high power density and long lifetime. These features will lead to energy storage systems that are small size, light weight, cost effective and environmentally friendly. The proposed research may not only lead to the development of new storage materials for industrial applications but also an improved scientific understanding of high density energy storage.'

Descrizione progetto (Article)

There is a growing need for high-density energy storage materials.

Compact, cost-effective and eco-friendly systems will enable better exploitation of renewable energy in hybrid electric vehicles, mobile medical electronics and auxiliary power units.Capacitors store energy by physically storing electric charge with no toxic chemicals, long lifetimes and excellent electrical properties.

They are perhaps the most promising solution to efficient and green electrical energy storage and were the subject of the EU-funded project 'High density energy storage materials' (HIDSOM).

The target was development of novel materials suitable for use in advanced multi-layer ceramic capacitors.The team focused on three capacitive ceramic materials and techniques to enhance their energy density.

The structure of the grain boundary (GB) produced by sintering of ceramic powders plays an integral role in the porosity and thus density of the resulting material.

Addition of soda lime glass or zinc oxide to a well-known ceramic ((Ba1-xSrx)TiO3) enhanced densification, GB strength and breakdown field while reducing the required spark plasma sintering (SPS) temperature.

Lanthium-doping of another ceramic (Pb(ZrxSnyTi1-x-y)O3) enabled a pore-free and uniform fine-grain structure with optimised SPS parameters.

Scientists also investigated a member of a new class of materials called relaxor ferroelectrics (the solid material Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-BaTiO3).

It is expected to show remarkable phase-transition behaviours and dielectric responses favouring high-density energy storage.

Researchers also developed a microstructural model, a reverse boundary layer capacitor (RBLC).

This RBLC development is outlined in http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6409638&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D6409638 (an article) published in the Journal of Applied Physics.

In the RBLC, the GB has higher electrical conductivity than the grain due to the introduction of glass additives, increasing the maximum amount of energy that can be stored.

The simulation supported improvements in energy density of the RBLC compared to normal insulating glass-phase composites.HIDSOM demonstrated improved performance of novel ceramic materials and processing methods for thin multi-layer ceramic capacitors.

Given the pressing need for advanced energy storage devices in order to speed development and adoption of renewable energy sources, HIDSOM has made an important contribution to the future of applications, including hybrid electric vehicles and mobile medical electronics.