ALBASPECIALISATION

"The causes, consequences and conservation implications of individual specialisation in seabirds"

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 Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)

'Albatrosses are the most threatened family of birds in the world. Their susceptibility to climate change and bycatch by fisheries, combined with their slow life cycle, makes them of paramount conservation concern. While much work to date has focussed on behaviour at the species level, there is growing evidence that the variation in the response of the individual is the crucial driver in population and species level changes. This project would use two unique data sets collected by CEBC-CNRS: 1) life history of individual albatross, including age, sex and relatedness measures 2) foraging behaviour of these individuals across multiple years. These datasets are among the most complete in seabird ecology and offer the potential to study a number of potential causes of variation in foraging strategy simultaneously. We would also initiate a novel project, which I would manage, quantifying personality differences between individuals. Such data would be the first of its kind collected on seabirds, and when combined with the long-term data, would enable the most complete analysis of the causes of individual specialisation in foraging behaviour in seabirds. These data would then be used to examine how such individual strategies may influence the response of albatrosses, and seabirds as a whole, to human threats such as fishery activity and climate change. This project would use state-of-the-art techniques to collect novel and exciting data. Fine scale movement data would be collected using recently developed bio-logging technology and the project would develop state-of-the-art behavioural assays for personality, which would be transferable across species. In addition, spatial analyses techniques are constantly evolving and this project would push to optimise the methods used for these data. These skills would enhance my quality, independence and maturity as a researcher. Such a project would address specific aims of the FP7 programme and multiple EU environmental policies.'

Descrizione progetto (Article)

Albatrosses are among the largest flying birds on Earth and among the most endangered. Identifiable threats to their survival include climate change and the rate at which they are caught as fisheries bycatch. With bycatch being the seemingly easier challenge to mitigate, figuring out why albatrosses get caught up in fishing nets is a pressing question.

To answer it, EU-funded researchers established the project 'The causes, consequences and conservation implications of individual specialisation in seabirds' (ALBASPECIALISATION). They set out to produce the first complete datasets describing the life history of black-browed (Thalassarche melanophrys) and wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans). What they found was unexpected and complicated.

Researchers discovered that birds from both species have distinct individual personalities. Furthermore, personality traits can be inherited by wandering albatross offspring, and boldness appears to influence fitness only in males.

Conversely, bold female black-browed albatrosses had higher fitness levels than bold males. Males that foraged close to the colony had higher fitness levels, but the effect of foraging near the colony was more variable for females. Incidentally, researchers did not have enough data to determine whether black-browed albatrosses also pass on their personalities to their chicks.

The researchers observed the two species in considerably different foraging circumstances. The black-browed albatross were brooding their chicks, and faced considerable competition for food close to the colony. In contrast, the wandering albatrosses were incubating their eggs. The timing meant these birds went on longer foraging trips, and thus faced less competition for food near the colony. Data were collected for both groups.

Despite such variability in foraging conditions, the researchers speculated that personality could be central to albatross survival. Essentially, researchers anticipated that bolder birds would be more likely to be caught in fishing nets. However, direct observation and data analysis compelled the ALBASPECIALISATION team to discard this hypothesis. Their results show that having a bold personality does not predict whether an albatross will make risky decisions near fishing operations. Nevertheless, ALBASPECIALISATION confirmed that individual personality traits do affect foraging strategies, and thus play a key role in albatross survival at individual and population levels.